axt Alignment Format

axt alignment files are produced from Blastz, an alignment tool available from Webb Miller's lab at Penn State University. The axtNet and axtChain alignments are produced by processing the alignment files with additional utilities written by Jim Kent at UCSC.

Example:
The following segment from an axt file shows the first 2 sets of alignments of the human assembly (the aligning assembly) to mouse chromosome 19 (the primary assembly).

0 chr19 3001012 3001075 chr11 70568380 70568443 - 3500
TCAGCTCATAAATCACCTCCTGCCACAAGCCTGGCCTGGTCCCAGGAGAGTGTCCAGGCTCAGA
TCTGTTCATAAACCACCTGCCATGACAAGCCTGGCCTGTTCCCAAGACAATGTCCAGGCTCAGA

chr19 3008279 3008357 chr11 70573976 70574054 - 3900
CACAATCTTCACATTGAGATCCTGAGTTGCTGATCAGAATGGAAGGCTGAGCTAAGATGAGCGACGAGGCAATGTCACA
CACAGTCTTCACATTGAGGTACCAAGTTGTGGATCAGAATGGAAAGCTAGGCTATGATGAGGGACAGTGCGCTGTCACA

Structure

Each alignment block in an axt file contains three lines: a summary line and 2 sequence lines. Blocks are separated from one another by blank lines.

Summary line

 0 chr19 3001012 3001075 chr11 70568380 70568443 - 3500

The summary line contains chromosomal position and size information about the alignment. It consists of 9 required fields:

Alignment number -- The alignment numbering starts with 0 and increments by 1, i.e. the first alignment in a file is numbered 0, the next 1, etc.
Chromosome (primary organism)
Alignment start (primary organism) -- The first base is numbered 1
Alignment end (primary organism) -- The end base is included.
Chromosome (aligning organism)
Alignment start (aligning organism)
Alignment end (aligning organism)
Strand (aligning organism) -- If the strand value is "-", the values of the aligning organism's start and end fields are relative to the reverse-complemented coordinates of its chromosome.
Blastz score -- Different blastz scoring matrices are used for different organisms.See the README.txt file in the alignments directory for scoring information specific to a pair of alignments.

Sequence lines

TCAGCTCATAAATCACCTCCTGCCACAAGCCTGGCCTGGTCCCAGGAGAGTGTCCAGGCTCAGA
TCTGTTCATAAACCACCTGCCATGACAAGCCTGGCCTGTTCCCAAGACAATGTCCAGGCTCAGA

The sequence lines contain the sequence of the primary assembly (line 2) and aligning assembly (line 3) with inserts. Repeats are indicated by lower-case letters.